The Principle of Pilgrimage

Some of the festivals of Leviticus 23 are designed to be pilgrimage festivals. Exodus 34 tells us:

²³ Three times a year all your men are to appear before the Sovereign LORD, the God of Israel. ²⁴ I will drive out nations before you and enlarge your territory, and no one will covet your land when you go up three times each year to appear before the LORD your God.  

So for three festivals—Passover, Pentecost, and Tabernacles—everyone was to leave their home and go to a pilgrimage site. (We will talk soon about what the Bible calls "the place where God puts his name.") 

While the word "all" is used, if you think about it, it is obvious that not all went every year. You cannot leave your sheep unattended for ten days. As a rancher in modern times this was possible and I did so, but in the ancient world there were no barb wire fences. (Of course I did have workers not interested in festival observance, one of whom lived next door to my ranch.) Someone had to remain home. No doubt there were agreements and this burden was shared. 

I doubt that the old men who were frail went either. Caregivers would remain home as well. In most cases pregnant women would also remain at home. Mary the mother of Jesus is often pictured riding a donkey to go to Jerusalem. This was probably a pilgrimage festival that the Roman government used to take the census. Most ancient Israelites probably would not have an animal to ride. (It is generally recognized that the family of Jesus was a little more well-to-do, and they would probably have had an animal.) So women would remain home if close to their due date, or if they had a small infant. I realize that Mary is a counter example to what I am saying here, but I just cannot see too many ill, old, or pregnant women walking long distances. The distance from Nazareth to Jerusalem is about 70 miles (probably at least a two day journey), and it was uphill both ways.

Even though the passage I quoted implies that one should not worry, it is also likely that some men remained home to watch over things. There was no standing army in ancient Israel, the closest comparison I can think of is a militia. Anciently this was called a hoplite politeia, a citizen solder. Although it is doubtful that the Israelites were disciplined and organized enough to fight in phalanxes. Nor could the average militia member in Israel have much in terms of armor. No doubt there were agreements and this burden was also shared. 

With the number of security issues associated with a pilgrimage festival, it took a lot of faith to leave everything behind in the hands of a small group that would be insufficient for anything more than common banditry. 

In modern times the pilgrimage aspect of these festivals has been downplayed. There are many practical reasons why this is so. As a long time pilgrimage festival observer I can attest to the cost. Another issue is that many schools frown on their students suddenly leaving for 10 days to attend a religious gathering. Too many unexcused absences and the truant officer may come to see you.  

Even with the difficulties of a pilgrimage festival I feel that they are important. My own tradition has a major emphasis on a single pilgrimage festival centered on Tabernacles. This is the festival that I am planning for right now. It will involve a three day trip from California to Branson, Missouri. I plan to leave after the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur.) I should be on the road when you read this. There are closer places, in fact there is one close enough that I could stay in my own house with a 1 1/2 hour drive. 

I think that having three pilgrimages a year, to fit into the pattern of the Bible, is best. I have sponsored springtime feasts in Branson over the years. Here is a link to one I sponsered in Springfield Mo. in 2007. I hope to do so here in California when finances permit. 

The principle of the pilgrimage is central to my thinking on festival observance so I will continue to talk about it for two more days. 

Principle of Worship

Even John Hagee observes a Feast of TabernaclesA growing number of Christians have begun in recent years to observe the biblical Feasts and Holy Days as celebrations that point to Jesus Christ. There is not universal agreement among groups that do observe these special times, including the Feast of Tabernacles in the fall, on just how they ought to be observed. 

Although the Bible gives no direct commands to Christians on exactly how they should celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles, it does present some principles that should be considered by those who wish to do so. One bedrock principle is that the Feast of Tabernacles should be a time for worship.

Lev. 23:2 “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘These are my appointed feasts, the appointed feasts of the LORD, which you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies [KJV: “holy convocations”]

Lev. 23:34-36 “Say to the Israelites: ‘On the fifteenth day of the seventh month the LORD’s Feast of Tabernacles begins, and it lasts for seven days. The first day is a sacred assembly; do no regular work. … and on the eighth day hold a sacred assembly ... do no regular work. (I will address the issue of sacrifice in a later post.)

I do not want to belabor the obvious, but here are the definitions of “assembly” and “sacred” from Dictionary.com:

Assembly: 1. an assembling or coming together of a number of persons, usually for a particular purpose: The principal will speak to all the students at Friday's assembly.

2. a group of persons gathered together, usually for a particular purpose, whether religious, political, educational, or social.

Sacred: devoted or dedicated to a deity or to some religious purpose; consecrated.

So God wants us to get together in a group for a religious purpose at the beginning and at the end of the Feast. (And on Saturday—the weekly Sabbath—if there is one within the Feast period: see Lev 23:2-3.) Regarding this topic of worship, there are two areas where those who do celebrate this Feast may have a wrong emphasis.

The first is that, among some, worship is emphasized to the point where the other principles take second place. Time is fungible; in other words, time spent on one activity cannot be spent on another activity. Some groups that host Feast of Tabernacles gatherings are “bare-bones” in their approach. I went to such a Feast site in 2007. Their whole philosophy was to keep scheduling of any group activities other than official daily “worship services” during the eight days of the gathering to a bare minimum, and let individuals and families make their own plans. So there were exactly three group events: a picnic, a fun show, and miniature golf. There were no activities geared specifically for children (not even children’s Bible classes) apart from the miniature golf outing. While having formal worship assemblies every day during the time of the Feast of Tabernacles is not forbidden, one should not forget that they are a church tradition and not a command of God.

How then can a festival site give proper emphasis to the various principles while not ignoring the sacred assembly? The first is not to schedule more formal worship services featuring sermons than you have talented speakers. It is better not to have a sermon than to have a bad one. Another idea that has merit is a “free day.” Many Feast sites have a free day where no formal worship service is planned for the day, and everyone is free to sleep in late, go sight-seeing, or whatever appeals to them. (There may be, instead of the morning worship service, a Bible study that evening … actually, a Bible “lecture,” as one cannot have a truly effective “Bible study” with over 20 people—10 is best). Often this free day is a Friday.

Another idea is to fill the activity schedule with so many events that one cannot go to them all; no one is expected to. Individual church congregations or fellowship groups in attendance at the Feast site can sponsor various activities: a game night with snacks; a picnic; sing-a-longs with traditional hymns or praise music; a teen dance; a family dance; a movie night, and so on. But to do this you need to have a large enough Feast site to accomplish it. To have these kinds of activities you need a critical mass of people.

This leads us to the other improper emphasis that exists in many groups. For various reasons, often having to do with our inability to get along with each other, there are many Feast sites that have so few people that I hesitate to even call them Feasts. Some individuals will take their family camping, build a booth, and assume they have done their biblical “religious duty.” But without a critical mass of people, many of the principles we will be talking about in this series cannot be achieved. One of these is the worship principle. Yes, I know that Jesus said that “wherever two or more” were gathered together He would be among them … however, Jesus is there when you are alone too! To use this verse to justify our inability to get along with each other is not what Jesus had in mind.

I think that many in their Feast and weekly worship choices are committing a type of fallacy called the “fallacy of the beard.” When someone is growing a beard, it is difficult to say exactly when the man has a beard instead of merely having “unshaven stubble.” It is difficult to draw the line. Does the fact that it is difficult to draw the line mean that there is no such thing as a beard? No, it does not.

I will talk about The Principle of Temporary Shelters (booths) soon. In the same way the fact that it is difficult to know when you have a critical mass of people does not mean that there is no such thing as a sacred assembly with a critical mass. Remember that at the time of Josephus in the first century one million people would go to Jerusalem for the Feasts! A lean-to in the back yard really is not the same. Yes, there are good and valid reasons why those with a Sabbatarian Church of God background are so scattered, but there are plenty of bad and invalid ones too. Why settle for less than God’s best for us?

In order to achieve the “principle of worship” you need a critical mass of people so that you have good music, good messages, and fun activities. In your worship times, do these words of the Apostle John speak to you?

If anyone says, “I love God,” yet hates his brother, he is a liar. For anyone who does not love his brother, whom he has seen, cannot love God, whom he has not seen. (1John 4:20)

Pam Dewey contributed to this post.

Leviticus 23: Times of Refreshing

The festivals of Leviticus 23 provide their observers with many benefits. One benefit is mentioned by prolific writer and blogger Pam Dewey in her site "Times of Refreshing." God has provided us with a great series of vacations! If you are looking for more information on these festivals greater than the brief overview I plan here, I recommend a road trip to http://youall.com/refresh/.  

Dr Bacchiocchi's book on the Fall festivals of Leviticus 23

These festivals include: the Sabbath, Passover, Pentecost, Trumpets, Atonement, and Tabernacles. 

What is interesting is that Most Christians already observe two of these festivals, Passover and Pentecost. I can hear some of you saying, "What!? I have never observed Passover, that's Jewish." You have observed in under a different name—you call it Easter. Only in English and German is it called Easter. (The name is derived from the Teutonic Goddess of the Dawn Eostre.) In the Romance Languages, and for that matter in Russian, it is called Passover.  

Many Christians are uncomfortable with the name Easter, and the pagan customs associated with modern Easter like Easter Eggs, the Easter Bunny, and the Easter Basket. So some have adopted the name "Resurrection Sunday." Although I would quibble and say the resurrection was on Saturday night, I do not want to be critical as this is a big step in the right direction. 

Historically this was a big, big issue in the early Church. At first Christians observed Passover at the same time as the Jews. For various reasons this was transferred to Sunday. This process took centuries. There was a lot of animosity toward the Jews, and the main reason for the change was to avoid having anything to do with them. I have always felt that this was an inadequate reason and eventually joined with those that keep the Passover in the same general time that the Jews do. (We do it as a three day celebration centered around the traditional date of the Passover. We begin by reenacting the Last Supper by doing what was done on that night; the following night on the traditional Passover night we have a meal; the next day we celebrate the beginning of the days of unleavened bread, which we celebrate for 7 days.)

Pentecost comes 50 days later. I remember keeping it even when I was a Baptist. Over the years I have been bemused by the criticism I have received for observing these days from those who observed these days themselves without realizing it! 

There are three Fall Festivals that are not generally observed by Christians. Although as you can see by the photo, some prominent TV evangelists do. These three feasts are: Trumpets, Atonement, and Tabernacles. Both the Hebrew Scriptures and the Greek Scriptures that make up our modern Bible provide interesting meanings and thoughts to ponder on these days. For a chart on Pam Dewey's site where these days are summarized, click here. 

I remember my first exposure to these days. I was in the 6th grade in Palm Springs and I noticed that about 20% of my class was missing. It was one of the Fall festivals, probably Atonement.

So for the next couple of weeks I will be blogging about these days, and in particular the Feast of Tabernacles, and the details of modern festival observance using the principles I mentioned yesterday. Hopefully many of you will find it of interest. 

Leviticus 23?

Many people like me desire to observe the Holy Days of Leviticus 23. However, while the laws contain eternal truths, they are couched in the technology and culture of when they were first revealed. It is difficult, if not impossible, to woodenly port these over into a modern observance; instead they need to be morphed to modern times while always being aware of the various principles expounded in the Law.

These principles include: The Principle of Worship (a Holy Convocation in the KJV Bible); The Principle of Pilgrimage (you need a critical mass of people); The Principle of the Placement of God's Name; The Principle of Temporary Shelters (booths); The Principle of Sacrifice; the Principle of Tithing (There was a separate tithe for these observances);The Principle of Community (There are aspects of community sharing); The Seasonal Principle (3 times in the year); The Principle of Decoration; The Principle of Beer Drinking (rejoicing by means of physical food consumption); and finally the principle of Education (the Torah was to be read every 7 years). To a degree these principles are in tension with each other. For example: it is difficult to construct, transport, and live in a temporary structure and travel a few hundred miles to a pilgrimage festival site; and it is difficult to listen to the Torah being read and explained and do anything else that year. 

We will discuss these principles over the next few weeks in future blog posts leading up to and including the Feast of Tabernacles, and hopefully come to some conclusions about modern festival observance. I will begin tomorrow with an overview of the various festivals discussed in Leviticus 23. 

Going Too Fast, or Going To Fast

Not eating food for a period of time for meditative or religious reasons goes way back in history. Most cultures do it. Looking at my waist, I can see that this is not a common practice here in America. 

Jesus was criticized because his disciples did not fast in the prescribed manner of the Pharisees, twice in the week, in fact. Here is what he said (Mat 9):

¹⁴ Then John’s disciples came and asked him, “How is it that we and the Pharisees fast often, but your disciples do not fast?”

 ¹⁵ Jesus answered, “How can the guests of the bridegroom mourn while he is with them? The time will come when the bridegroom will be taken from them; then they will fast.

(Jesus as the bridegroom and we his followers as the bride continues the pattern I mentioned in a previous post on Revelation 21-22.) 

The point here is that Jesus expects his disciples to fast after his departure. Do you fast? 

Matt 6 tells us this:

¹⁶ “When you fast, do not look somber as the hypocrites do, for they disfigure their faces to show others they are fasting. Truly I tell you, they have received their reward in full. ¹⁷ But when you fast, put oil on your head and wash your face, ¹⁸ so that it will not be obvious to others that you are fasting, but only to your Father, who is unseen; and your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you.

Jesus did not say: "If you fast." He said: "When you fast." Do you fast? 

To begin a series on the feasts of Leviticus 23 I thought I would begin by pointing out that tomorrow is the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur). Leviticus 23 tells us:

²⁶ The LORD said to Moses, ²⁷ “The tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. Hold a sacred assembly and deny yourselves, and present a food offering to the LORD. ²⁸Do not do any work on that day, because it is the Day of Atonement, when atonement is made for you before the LORD your God. ²⁹ Those who do not deny themselves on that day must be cut off from their people. ³⁰ I will destroy from among their people anyone who does any work on that day. ³¹ You shall do no work at all. This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come, wherever you live. ³² It is a day of sabbath rest for you, and you must deny yourselves. From the evening of the ninth day of the month until the following evening you are to observe your sabbath.”

The phrase “deny yourself” is idiomatic and refers to fasting. 

So Jesus said his disciples would fast after he had departed. Leviticus 23 tells us that tomorrow is a day of fasting. Do you fast? If not tomorrow, when? 

Update on Friday, October 7, 2011 at 6:01AM by [Positive Dennis]

I decided to have this part as an update to draw attention to it. There are obviously people who should not fast due to medical reasons. Looking back over my "religious life," I can see that common sense was sometimes lacking. I suggest you use common sense on the issue of fasting.